Scientific notation
Convert numbers to and from scientific notation, and multiply or divide numbers expressed in scientific notation.
Worked examples
Converting a large number to scientific notation
Straightforward
Problem
Write in scientific notation.
1
Place the decimal point after the first non-zero digit.
The first non-zero digit is , so the coefficient is .
2
Count how many places the decimal point moved.
The decimal moved 4 places to the left: .
3
Write the number in the form .
Since the decimal moved 4 places to the left, the power of 10 is positive: .
Answer
Converting from scientific notation to a standard number
Moderate
Problem
Write as a standard number.
1
Identify the power of 10.
The power of 10 is , which means the decimal moves 2 places to the left.
2
Move the decimal point in the coefficient.
Start with and move the decimal 2 places to the left: .
Answer
Multiplying numbers in scientific notation
Challenging
Problem
Calculate and write the answer in scientific notation.
1
Multiply the coefficients.
2
Apply the product rule to the powers of 10.
3
Combine and check that the coefficient satisfies .
. Since , this is already in correct scientific notation.
Answer
Practise
Q1·Straightforward
Which of the following is written in scientific notation?
Explanation
Place the decimal point after the first non-zero digit: . The decimal moved 4 places to the left, so the power of 10 is . The answer is .
Q2·Straightforward
Which of the following is written in scientific notation?
Explanation
Place the decimal point after the first non-zero digit: . The decimal moved 3 places to the right, so the power of 10 is . The answer is .
Q3·Straightforward
is written in scientific notation as . What is the value of ?
Explanation
To write as , the decimal moves 5 places to the left: . So .
Q4·Straightforward
is written in scientific notation as . What is the value of ?
Explanation
To write as , the decimal moves 4 places to the right: . So .
Q5·Moderate
Write as a standard number.
Explanation
Multiplying by moves the decimal point 4 places to the right: .
Q6·Moderate
Write as a standard number.
Explanation
Multiplying by moves the decimal point 3 places to the left: .
Q7·Moderate
Which of the following numbers is the largest?
Explanation
Compare the powers of 10: . The only number with is , which is greater than all the others. So is the largest.
Q8·Moderate
Write as a standard number.
Explanation
Moving the decimal point 7 places to the right: .
Q9·Challenging
Calculate and write the answer in scientific notation as . What is the value of ?
Explanation
Multiply the coefficients: . Apply the product rule to the powers: . So the answer is , and .
Q10·Challenging
Calculate and write the answer in scientific notation as . What is the value of ?
Explanation
Divide the coefficients: . Apply the quotient rule: . So the answer is , and .
Q11·Challenging
Calculate and write the answer in correct scientific notation.
Explanation
Multiply the coefficients: . Apply the product rule: . This gives . Since the coefficient must satisfy , write , so .
Q12·Challenging
Calculate and write the answer in correct scientific notation.
Explanation
Divide the coefficients: . Apply the quotient rule: . So the answer is .